WHY WE SHOULD USE HYDROGEN

• Hydrogen has the highest energy to weight ratio of all fuels.

• The energy to volume ratio amounts for the liquid to about 1/4 of crude oil,

• and for the gas to about 1/3 of natural gas.

ORBIT of Hydrogen Atom

Facts surrounding Hydrogen

Hydrogen is an odorless and colorless gas, due to its boiling point of -252.77o C. Its density of 0.0899 grams/liter make it lighter than the surrounding air and bestows the ability to rapidly dissipate if released into the atmosphere or spilled onto the ground. According to “Hydrogen in the Energy Sector” by Dr. Zittel; et al., when comparing energy density by weight, “hydrogen has the highest energy to weight ratio of all fuels. 1 kg of hydrogen contains the same amount of energy as 2.1 kg of natural gas or 2.8 kg of gasoline.” To clarify a point, hydrogen ranks last when
the comparing energy density by volume. Hydrogen possesses 2.36 kWh/liter as a liquid, natural gas contains 5.8 kWh/liter and gasoline registers at 8.76 kWh/liter. These facts are relevant to the analogy of the size of a hydrogen tank and the size of a comparable gasoline tank as well as the explosion hazard associated with the fuels.

MEDIUM FOR STORING ENERGY

Hydrogen is a medium for storing energy, otherwise known as an energy carrier. All energy carriers and fuels, such as gasoline and natural gas, have the characteristic of being volatile (containing potential energy).

Hydrogen’s Properties vs. Other Fuels

The properties that are characteristic of hydrogen allow hydrogen to have many advantages over fossil fuels in terms of safety. Hydrogen’s low density and ability to rapidly disperse allows it to escape to the atmosphere if a leak occurred. Propane and gasoline, with their high densities and slow dispersal allow the fuels to congregate near the ground increasing a risk of explosion.

BASIC INFO

Table: basic information about and classifications of hydrogen.

NAME: Hydrogen Symbol: H Atomic number: 1 Atomic weight: 1.00794 Standard state: gas at 298 K

Group in periodic table: 1 Group name: (none) Period in periodic table: 1 Block in periodic table: s-block Color: colorless Classification: Non-metallic

HYDROGEN ATOM

Hydrogen is a type of atom which was created shortly after the big bang.
Hydrogen atoms can join with other atoms using covalent bonds to create hydrogen molecules, water molecules as well as most of the molecules of life.
The shell model of the atom explains why hydrogen atoms can make 1 covalent bond.

HYDROGEN BONDING

The hydrogen bond is really a special case of dipole forces. A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule. Usually the electronegative atom is oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, which has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen then has the partial positive charge.

HYDROGEN MOLECULE